A current explanation for development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the inequality between damaging mechanism and regenerative repair. At present, dialysis and transplantation remain the only cure options. However, there is trust that stem Cells and regenerative medicine may provide additional regenerative options for kidney diseases. Such new treatments might involve induction of repair using endogenous or exogenous stem Cells or the reprogramming of the organ to reinitiate development. The possibility that stem Cells contribute to the repair of glomerular and tubular injure is of great interest for basic and clinical research. Bone marrow-derived stem Cells (BMSCs) have been implicated in the restore of Renal tissues. If BMSCs repopulate injured nephrons directly or act indirectly over a paracrine/endocrine mechanism remains also controversial. Therapeutic administration of BMSCs in animal models of acute kidney injury (AKI) suggests that a stem Cell-based therapy may improve the recovery of both glomerular and tubular compartments. Whereas the therapeutic benefit of hematopoietic stem Cells (HSCs) remains in doubt, numerous studies showed a beneficial effect of mesenchymal stem Cell (MSCs) administration in models of acute tubular injury and of endothelial progenitors in acute glomerular injury. According these studies, our results as an initial report has shown that intra-Renal arterial injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem Cells (BM-MSCs) ameliorates cisplatin-induced AKI in a rhesus M. mulatta monkey model. This provides a tool in order to confirm results obtained in murine experimental studies and they are invaluable tools for evaluating Cell transplantation protocols prior to their use in clinical studies. Also, recent studies demonstrate the presence of Renal stem Cells (RSCs) within the adult kidney that responsible for podocytes turnover and potentially also capable to give rise to proximal tubular epithelium Cells. These Cells are capable, when injected in animals with AKI, to localize to Renal compartments and contribute to regeneration. We review the current literature on the role of stem Cells in Renal regeneration. Moreover, important points that still need explanation, such as the homing mechanisms of stem Cells to injured tissues, the secreted factors underlying the paracrine/ endocrine mechanisms and the long-term behavior ofin vivo transplanted stem Cells, are discussed.

Purpose: We aimed to compare oncological outcomes in the two rare subtypes, unclassified Renal Cell cancer (unRCC) and translocation RCC (tRCC), vs clear Cell RCC (ccRCC). Materials and Methods: Between 2004 and 2019, from Turkish Urooncology Society Database, we identified 2324 patients for histological subtypes including 80 unRCC (3. 4%), 19 tRCC (0. 8%) and 2225 ccRCC (95. 8%). Results: The overall (15. 8%) and cancer-specific mortalities (11. 1%) were found to be higher in tRCC group and the recurrence free mortality (13. 8%) was found to be higher in unRCC group. Larger pathological tumor size (p = 0. 012) and advanced pathological T stage (p = 0. 042) were independent predictive factors on overall mortality in patients with unRCC tumors. Conclusion: The oncological outcomes of the unRCC and tRCC are worse than ccRCC and pathological tumor size and pathological stage are predictive factors for mortality in the unRCC.

Metastases of internal tumors to the oral cavity are unusual and in most cases involve maxilla and mandible. Metastases to the gingival soft tissue are extremely rare.Reporting a new clinical case of Renal Cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis with an unusual site. Metastatic involvement of gingival tissue with Renal Cell carcinoma is an extremely rare clinical event. It is usually associated with involvement of an internal organ. We present a case of 47-year-old male patient diagnosed with RCC-associated gingival metastasis- who underwent radical nephrectomy.The wide range of localizations and forms of metastatic presentation of Renal carcinoma should obligate physicians to be alert during the follow-ups.

Immunosuppressive drugs are prescribed routinely to kidney transplant recipients to prevent rejection. These medications are associated with an increased risk of secondary malignancies, including Renal Cell carcinoma in the transplanted kidney itself. We present a case of Renal Cell carcinoma in a transplanted kidney.